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Two Bits - The Cultural Significance of Free Software
Christopher M. Kelty (2008)

Table of Contents

Dedication

Preface

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Part I the internet

[the internet]

1. Geeks and Recursive Publics

From the Facts of Human Activity

Geeks and Their Internets

Operating Systems and Social Systems

The Idea of Order at the Keyboard

Internet Silk Road

/pub

From Napster to the Internet

Requests for Comments

Conclusion: Recursive Public

2. Protestant Reformers, Polymaths, Transhumanists

Protestant Reformation

Polymaths and Transhumanists

Conclusion

Part II free software

3. The Movement

Forking Free Software, 1997-2000

A Movement?

Conclusion

4. Sharing Source Code

Before Source

The UNIX Time-Sharing System

Sharing UNIX

Porting UNIX

Forking UNIX

Conclusion

5. Conceiving Open Systems

Hopelessly Plural

Open Systems One: Operating Systems

Figuring Out Goes Haywire

Denouement

Open Systems Two: Networks

Bootstrapping Networks

Success as Failure

Conclusion

6. Writing Copyright Licenses

Free Software Licenses, Once More with Feeling

EMACS, the Extensible, Customizable, Self-documenting, Real-time Display Editor

The Controversy

The Context of Copyright

Conclusion

7. Coordinating Collaborations

From UNIX to Minix to Linux

Design and Adaptability

Patch and Vote

Check Out and Commit

Coordination Is Design

Conclusion: Experiments and Modulations

Part III modulations

[Part III]

8. “If We Succeed, We Will Disappear”

After Free Software

Stories of Connexion

Modulations: From Free Software to Connexions

Modulations: From Connexions to Creative Commons

Participant Figuring Out

9. Reuse, Modification, and the Nonexistence of Norms

Whiteboards: What Was Publication?

Publication in Connexions

Agency and Structure in Connexions

From Law and Technology to Norm

On the Nonexistence of Norms in the Culture of No Culture

Conclusion

Conclusion

The Cultural Consequences of Free Software

Acknowledgement

Acknowledgment

Library of Congress

Library of Congress Catalog

Endnotes

Bibliography

Book Index



License: Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike License, available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or by mail from Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, Calif. 94305, U.S.A. "NonCommercial" as defined in this license specifically excludes any sale of this work or any portion thereof for money, even if sale does not result in a profit by the seller or if the sale is by a 501(c)(3) nonprofit or NGO.
Duke University Press gratefully acknowledges the support of HASTAC (Humanities, Arts, Science, and Technology Advanced Collaboratory), which provided funds to help support the electronic interface of this book.
Two Bits is accessible on the Web at twobits.net.


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