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+// Copyright Ferdinand Majerech 2014.
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+/// A minimal library providing functionality for changing the endianness of data.
+module tinyendian;
+
+import std.system : Endian, endian;
+
+/// Unicode UTF encodings.
+enum UTFEncoding : ubyte
+{
+ UTF_8,
+ UTF_16,
+ UTF_32
+}
+///
+@safe unittest
+{
+ const ints = [314, -101];
+ int[2] intsSwapBuffer = ints;
+ swapByteOrder(intsSwapBuffer[]);
+ swapByteOrder(intsSwapBuffer[]);
+ assert(ints == intsSwapBuffer, "Lost information when swapping byte order");
+
+ const floats = [3.14f, 10.1f];
+ float[2] floatsSwapBuffer = floats;
+ swapByteOrder(floatsSwapBuffer[]);
+ swapByteOrder(floatsSwapBuffer[]);
+ assert(floats == floatsSwapBuffer, "Lost information when swapping byte order");
+}
+
+/** Swap byte order of items in an array in place.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *
+ * T = Item type. Must be either 2 or 4 bytes long.
+ * array = Buffer with values to fix byte order of.
+ */
+void swapByteOrder(T)(T[] array) @trusted @nogc pure nothrow
+if (T.sizeof == 2 || T.sizeof == 4)
+{
+ // Swap the byte order of all read characters.
+ foreach (ref item; array)
+ {
+ static if (T.sizeof == 2)
+ {
+ import std.algorithm.mutation : swap;
+ swap(*cast(ubyte*)&item, *(cast(ubyte*)&item + 1));
+ }
+ else static if (T.sizeof == 4)
+ {
+ import core.bitop : bswap;
+ const swapped = bswap(*cast(uint*)&item);
+ item = *cast(const(T)*)&swapped;
+ }
+ else static assert(false, "Unsupported T: " ~ T.stringof);
+ }
+}
+
+/// See fixUTFByteOrder.
+struct FixUTFByteOrderResult
+{
+ ubyte[] array;
+ UTFEncoding encoding;
+ Endian endian;
+ uint bytesStripped = 0;
+}
+
+/** Convert byte order of an array encoded in UTF(8/16/32) to system endianness in place.
+ *
+ * Uses the UTF byte-order-mark (BOM) to determine UTF encoding. If there is no BOM
+ * at the beginning of array, UTF-8 is assumed (this is compatible with ASCII). The
+ * BOM, if any, will be removed from the buffer.
+ *
+ * If the encoding is determined to be UTF-16 or UTF-32 and there aren't enough bytes
+ * for the last code unit (i.e. if array.length is odd for UTF-16 or not divisible by
+ * 4 for UTF-32), the extra bytes (1 for UTF-16, 1-3 for UTF-32) are stripped.
+ *
+ * Note that this function does $(B not) check if the array is a valid UTF string. It
+ * only works with the BOM and 1,2 or 4-byte items.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *
+ * array = The array with UTF-data.
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *
+ * A struct with the following members:
+ *
+ * $(D ubyte[] array) A slice of the input array containing data in correct
+ * byte order, without BOM and in case of UTF-16/UTF-32,
+ * without stripped bytes, if any.
+ * $(D UTFEncoding encoding) Encoding of the result (UTF-8, UTF-16 or UTF-32)
+ * $(D std.system.Endian endian) Endianness of the original array.
+ * $(D uint bytesStripped) Number of bytes stripped from a UTF-16/UTF-32 array, if
+ * any. This is non-zero only if array.length was not
+ * divisible by 2 or 4 for UTF-16 and UTF-32, respectively.
+ *
+ * Complexity: (BIGOH array.length)
+ */
+auto fixUTFByteOrder(ubyte[] array) @safe @nogc pure nothrow
+{
+ // Enumerates UTF BOMs, matching indices to byteOrderMarks/bomEndian.
+ enum BOM: ubyte
+ {
+ UTF_8 = 0,
+ UTF_16_LE = 1,
+ UTF_16_BE = 2,
+ UTF_32_LE = 3,
+ UTF_32_BE = 4,
+ None = ubyte.max
+ }
+
+ // These 2 are from std.stream
+ static immutable ubyte[][5] byteOrderMarks = [ [0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF],
+ [0xFF, 0xFE],
+ [0xFE, 0xFF],
+ [0xFF, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00],
+ [0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFF] ];
+ static immutable Endian[5] bomEndian = [ endian,
+ Endian.littleEndian,
+ Endian.bigEndian,
+ Endian.littleEndian,
+ Endian.bigEndian ];
+
+ // Documented in function ddoc.
+
+ FixUTFByteOrderResult result;
+
+ // Detect BOM, if any, in the bytes we've read. -1 means no BOM.
+ // Need the last match: First 2 bytes of UTF-32LE BOM match the UTF-16LE BOM. If we
+ // used the first match, UTF-16LE would be detected when we have a UTF-32LE BOM.
+ import std.algorithm.searching : startsWith;
+ BOM bomId = BOM.None;
+ foreach (i, bom; byteOrderMarks)
+ if (array.startsWith(bom))
+ bomId = cast(BOM)i;
+
+ result.endian = (bomId != BOM.None) ? bomEndian[bomId] : Endian.init;
+
+ // Start of UTF data (after BOM, if any)
+ size_t start = 0;
+ // If we've read more than just the BOM, put the rest into the array.
+ with(BOM) final switch(bomId)
+ {
+ case None: result.encoding = UTFEncoding.UTF_8; break;
+ case UTF_8:
+ start = 3;
+ result.encoding = UTFEncoding.UTF_8;
+ break;
+ case UTF_16_LE, UTF_16_BE:
+ result.bytesStripped = array.length % 2;
+ start = 2;
+ result.encoding = UTFEncoding.UTF_16;
+ break;
+ case UTF_32_LE, UTF_32_BE:
+ result.bytesStripped = array.length % 4;
+ start = 4;
+ result.encoding = UTFEncoding.UTF_32;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ // If there's a BOM, we need to move data back to ensure it starts at array[0]
+ if (start != 0)
+ {
+ array = array[start .. $ - result.bytesStripped];
+ }
+
+ // We enforce above that array.length is divisible by 2/4 for UTF-16/32
+ if (endian != result.endian)
+ {
+ if (result.encoding == UTFEncoding.UTF_16)
+ swapByteOrder(cast(wchar[])array);
+ else if (result.encoding == UTFEncoding.UTF_32)
+ swapByteOrder(cast(dchar[])array);
+ }
+
+ result.array = array;
+ return result;
+}
+///
+@safe unittest
+{
+ {
+ ubyte[] s = [0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF, 'a'];
+ FixUTFByteOrderResult r = fixUTFByteOrder(s);
+ assert(r.encoding == UTFEncoding.UTF_8);
+ assert(r.array.length == 1);
+ assert(r.array == ['a']);
+ assert(r.endian == Endian.littleEndian);
+ }
+
+ {
+ ubyte[] s = ['a'];
+ FixUTFByteOrderResult r = fixUTFByteOrder(s);
+ assert(r.encoding == UTFEncoding.UTF_8);
+ assert(r.array.length == 1);
+ assert(r.array == ['a']);
+ assert(r.endian == Endian.bigEndian);
+ }
+
+ {
+ // strip 'a' b/c not complete unit
+ ubyte[] s = [0xFE, 0xFF, 'a'];
+ FixUTFByteOrderResult r = fixUTFByteOrder(s);
+ assert(r.encoding == UTFEncoding.UTF_16);
+ assert(r.array.length == 0);
+ assert(r.endian == Endian.bigEndian);
+ }
+
+}